SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE EMERGENCE OF THE EUROPEAN ART MARKET IN THE 17TH CENTURY: THE FORMATION OF MODERN TOOLS AND ART STRUCTURES

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to research and highlight the processes of the formation of the classic mass art market, which originated in Holland in the 17th century, which influenced the development of the world art market as a phenomenon. Research methods. The main methods of our research are historical-chronological and comparative. The historical-chronological method made it possible to lay out consistent factual material, to reveal the stages and regularities of the development of the art industry in Holland. The comparative method was used to compare the creative approaches of Dutch artists, taking into account their collaboration and common themes in the works. The results. The study examines the emergence of new processes and phenomena in the art world, such as art dealers, auctions, and lotteries, which became mediators between artists and buyers in 17th-century Holland. It turned out that many modern tools of the art market originated here. Commercial relations between creators and customers developed on the basis of new institutions, which later became familiar elements of art structures. The research analysis showed that the majority of scientific works on this topic come from Western sources, the work with which laid the foundation for this article. For example, in foreign works, in particular E. Larsen and S. Alpers, the economic and cultural aspects of the Dutch market and its influence on modern structures are deeply covered. Conclusions. The study carried out a comprehensive analysis of the Dutch art market of the 17th century, focusing on the historical conditions of its formation, the status of the artist, and the emergence of commercial components of artistic activity. It was found that the development of the market took place against the background of socioeconomic changes, in particular, in the conditions of the spread of the ideas of Calvinism and the development of capitalism. The market was divided into three main periods, each of which had its own characteristics and influence on artistic creativity. During the research, we clarified the terminology, in particular the concept of "art market", which in the 17th century was not yet a comprehensive system, but contained elements of marketing and commerce. It is about auctions and art dealers that contributed to the commercialization of art. The success of artists depended on their social status and ability to adapt to market conditions, which sometimes led to the devaluation of creativity. The study showed that the foundations of the art market in the Netherlands became the basis for the further development of the world art market.