URBAN PLANNING АND ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES ОF THE FORMATION OF KYIV DACHA SUBURBS (LATE XIXTH - EARLY XXTH CENTURY) IN THE CONTEXT OF GARDEN-CITY IDEAS

Abstract

The article explores the urban planning and architectural features of the dacha settlements formation around Kyiv (such as Boyarka, Motovylivka, Svyatoshyn, Irpin, Darnytsya, and Pushcha-Vodytsya). It analyzes the impact of urbanization, suburbanization, and transport infrastructure development on the emergence of the capital's "dacha ring." The study examines common features in the formation of public centers in dacha settlements, the nomenclature of buildings, and the specific characteristics of planning schemes and zoning in dacha towns. The research aims to analyze the urban planning structure, infrastructure, and architectural-artistic features of the dacha settlements within the Kyiv suburban dacha ring of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as to determine their connection with contemporary global urban trends, specifically E. Howard's "garden city" concept. Research methods include the analysis of scientific publications, archival documents, and drawings, as well as field studies and a comparative analysis of the planning schemes of dacha settlements and adjacent villages. Research results: a number of common traits characteristic of all dacha settlements in the Kyiv region have been identified. Based on the analysis of cartographic sources, it was revealed that the planning structure of the suburbs possessed a clear, regular block-grid system, which fundamentally distinguished them from the chaotic layout of adjacent villages. It was established that despite the absence of radial geometry, key principles of E. Howard's "garden city" concept were conceptually embodied in the Kyiv suburbs, particularly through the formation of a "city in the forest" with a high percentage of green spaces (over 60%). The infrastructure and architectural appearance of residential buildings, characterized by the use of multi-layered decorative wooden lace carving, were investigated. A typological division of the period's suburbs into elite and departmental ones is proposed. Conclusions: all the mentioned settlements are economically and socially linked to the capital. To a certain extent, all dacha nodes embody the idealized garden city concept of the English philosopher E. Howard. In addition to the planning schemes of the settlements themselves, a clear identity is observable in the nomenclature of public buildings and the architectural solutions of the dacha houses. Collectively, this renders the dacha suburbs a representation of the tastes and lifestyle demands of capital city residents at the turn of the 20th century.