FLAT PEN IN UKRAINIAN CALLIGRAPHIC TRADITION: RESEARCH INTO THE LEGACY OF 20TH CENTURY GRAPHIC ARTISTS AND ITS INTEGRATION IN CONTEMPORARY METHODOLOGY OF CREATING WRITING SHEETS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the techniques of the flat pen in the Ukrainian calligraphic heritage. The study examined the original calligraphic samples of three Ukrainian graphic artists of the 20th century: V. Zamirailo, V. Yurchyshyn, Ya. Hnizdovsky. The selected samples demonstrate the diversity of font forms made with one tool – a flat pen. The article describes a method for analyzing and classifying a calligraphic sample for further work with it: reproduction, development of scripts, interpretation or scientific activity. The selected samples are described and classified within the proposed method, and script materials that can be used for educational and scientific purposes were developed on its basis. The aim of the study was to establish an algorithm for working with a calligraphic sample and its analysis for further reproduction, interpretation, use of the font in modern works and development of scripts based on graphic works of Ukrainian artists of the 20th century. The research method includes general scientific approaches: empirical (observation and measurement); empirical-theoretical (analysis and synthesis, modeling); graphic. According to the results of the study, a method for analyzing and reproducing historical font samples made with a flat pen (or those that can be reproduced by it) was developed and described, three samples of calligraphic works by Ukrainian graphic artists of the 20th century were described and classified, on the basis of which three sets of script materials were developed that can be used for educational and scientific purposes. Conclusions. The Ukrainian heritage of flat pen calligraphy is truly colorful and diverse, but little studied. In their works, the graphic artists we studied used various calligraphic techniques, turned to the Ukrainian font tradition and developed it. Modern research into their works and the reproduction of their calligraphic achievements allows us to understand the history and features of the Ukrainian calligraphic tradition more deeply. Flat pen techniques are less studied, but in no way less interesting and diverse. The method of creating inscriptions based on the historical heritage of Ukrainian calligraphers was tested during the initial process, and was also later used to develop original font compositions by students. The described method can be used for further research and development of methodological materials and original works based on other calligraphic samples of masters. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematization and formation of a clear algorithm for the analysis and reproduction of a calligraphic sample made with a flat pen (or one that can be reproduced with it), which has not previously been fully des cribed.