RESEARCH ON THE ARCHITECTURAL AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF FIRE STATIONS USING METHODS OF SPACE SYNTAX

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine the spatial organization of modern fire stations by analyzing the configuration and interaction of transit and stationary spaces within their functional structure. Using a comparative visual analysis of floor plans of international examples of fire stations from countries such as the United States, the Republic of Korea, Austria, and Croatia, the authors determine how the internal connectivity of spaces within a building affects its operational efficiency. Methods. A comparative visual analysis of fire station floor plans. Conclusions indicate that the ratio of transit to stationary space varies from dominance (60–65%), where transit integrates with operational zones, to minimization (10–15%) aimed at maximizing usable area. The study identifies three base compositional models: the «Bridge» (symmetrical connection), the «Spine» (integrative core for rapid response), and the «Barrier/Sluice» (zoning for sanitary control and economy). The practical value of the research is found in the refined spatial analysis methodology, which allows architects to objectively compare the logistical potential of different designs. These findings provide a framework for optimizing the dual scenarios of rapid emergency response and daily comfort, ultimately improving safety and functionality in the d esign of modern emergency service facilities.