COMPETITIVE DESIGN AS A LABORATORY OF ARCHITECTURAL IDEAS AND IMAGES

Abstract

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to determine methodological ways of developing the architecture of civil buildings and structures based on competitive design. Research methods. The research is based on a comprehensive analysis of socio-economic, political, urban planning, regulatory and methodological issues. The following methods were used to resolve these issues: comparative analysis of project solutions and implemented objects, systematization and generalization of scientific research, expert evaluation of new functional and typological solutions. The results. World competitive activity developed at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century and continues to this day. The article examines the phenomenon of the existence of unique architectural competition ideas as an independent cultural phenomenon of different historical periods and trends in the architecture of Ukraine, starting with the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires, the former USSR and in Independent Ukraine. The identified typological process in the architectural design of civil buildings and structures was determined on the basis of the study of graphic materials of competitive design. The main stages of competitive design are indicated, which gradually formed various alternative solutions to replace traditional design methods, although in the 30s of the 20th century at the end of totalitarianism, the destruction of sacred buildings and the construction of government facilities took place. The 1950s were marked by urban planning projects to rebuild the destroyed cities and villages of Ukraine. The 1960s and 1980s were the heyday of typical design and industrialization of construction, in this period the competitions were aimed at the formation of the latest methodological and typological techniques in the creation of mass buildings. Gaining Independence gave impetus to the implementation of competitive projects, which contributed to the emergence of modern objects with original ar chitectural and artistic expressiveness. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was determined that in order to solve the problems of forecasting problematic situations in the field of architecture and urban planning, as well as in the absence of analogies, samples or prototypes, it is necessary to conduct competitive design. These creative competitions should be organized to obtain various variant solutions when traditional design methods do not provide the possibility of solving the tasks, as well as to create the latest conceptual architectural solutions. From the experience of competitive design, it is known that their results have repeatedly given a creative impetus to the development of architecture and implementation of pioneering ideas.