THE INFLUENCE OF CALLIGRAPHIC SHEETS OF THE «SIYAH MASHQ» PRACTICE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN ISLAMIC CALLIGRAPHY

Abstract

Abstract. Islamic artists avoided such images by creating drawings based on geometric shapes and plants. So, often Islamic calligraphers of past centuries, before depicting word directly in the text they created, practiced writing them for a long time on separate draft sheets. Such draft sheets are known as siyah mashq. Since mid-20th century, there have been significant social changes connected with political and cultural processes, and this eventually caused Islamic artists to rethink the ways of applying traditional principles of siyah mashq for creation of unique calligraphic compositions. However, the formal searches and experiments, undertaken by the artists of this practice in the 21 st century, still remain understudied. Purpose of the article. Analysing the influence of traditional siyah mashq practice on modern Islamic calligraphy and contemporary painting based on the Islamic call igraphic tradition. Basic research methods: art history scientific approach, method of “secondary research” and comparative method. Scientific novelty: The level of coverage of this topic in the professional literature has been determined. It has been established that this topic is insufficiently covered in the scientific literature of the Near East, Europe and the USA and is practically not covered at all in Ukraine. Also, this article analyses the main compositional techniques and shape-generating tendencies in con temporary works by Islamic artists. Conclusions. Traditional sheets had the seeds of compositional arrangement, while modern works show an active desire to create a more pronounced artistic composition (with a highlighted center of the composition, distribution of accents, a hint of spaciousness, balancing of proportions). Some artists, by means of abstract lines, strive to express their internal protest against negative phenomena in the development of modern society, while others, by using the basic principles of siyah mashq in combination with poetry, demonstrate their deep respect for exactly the traditional methods of the art.