CLASSIFICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN ARCHITECTURE. RESPONSIBLE AND SUSTAINABLE DIMENSION

Abstract

The study substantiates and tests a Responsibility–Sustainability dimension for classifying artificial intelligence (AI) tools in architecture and urban planning. Beyond technical or functional descriptions, the dimension evaluates ethical, governance, and sustainability implications of adopting AI in design and decisionmaking workflows. Methods include: analysis of international trustworthy-AI principles and «Green AI» approaches adapted to the architectural–urban context, operationalization into indicators and content analysis of publicly available documentation (policies, audits, compliance notes, and case descriptions), followed by pilot profiling of a selected tool set. The empirical component was conducted as a pilot comparative profiling of a selected set of tools, drawing on publicly available documentation and open descriptions of practical use. Results define four parameters: ethics and human oversight (R1), governance and regulatory alignment (R2), computational sustainability (S1) and socio-urban sustainability outcomes (S2). Each parameter is rated on a 0–5 development scale, producing an R1–R2–S1–S2 profile rather than a single score. Multiple architectural and urban AI tools were analyzed through the Responsibility–Sustainability dimension, profiling each tool against R1–R2–S1–S2 and highlighting recurring trade-offs between human oversight, governance, computational footprint, and socio-urban benefit. The pilot reveals recurring patterns: advisory «co-pilot» tools typically show higher R1, while city-scale systems can achieve high S2 with weaker R1–R2, S1 differs substantially across model classes and usage regimes. Conclusions. The proposed Responsibility–Sustainability dimension enables transparent comparison of AI tools in terms of accountability, resource footprint, and public value; the pilot profiling results reveal recurring trade-offs among the R1–R2–S1–S2 parameters, which is important for controlled implementation and risk management in architectural and municipal practice.